Monstera xanthospatha
#热植图鉴#热带loveplants2024-05-03
Monstera xanthospatha，龟背竹图鉴，原种龟背竹，龟背竹，热植图鉴，热带loveplants
基本信息 General Information
Accepted Name：Monstera xanthospatha Madison
首次发布于：Contr. Gray Herb. 207: 65 (1977)
中文名称：暂无
科：天南星科
属：龟背竹属
原产地：哥伦比亚
命名者：Madison
植物简介 Descriptions
攀缘附生植物。茎：圆柱形，5 - 10 毫米粗，节间长 3 - 6 厘米。叶柄：12 - 18 厘米长，包至叶节，叶鞘脱落；叶片斜披针形，16 - 25 厘米长，5 - 8 厘米宽，不等边，基部楔形渐狭，先端锐尖，全缘或有少量穿孔，主脉间的穿孔单生，狭椭圆形，长达 5 厘米。花序梗：15 - 26 厘米长，比叶柄稍长。佛焰苞：外部金黄色，内部白色，约 9 厘米长。开花的肉穗花序：黄色，6 - 8 厘米长，2 厘米粗，基部不育。结果的肉穗花序：下垂，橙色或红色。浆果近棱柱形。
Monstera xanthospatha 与斜叶龟背竹（M. obliqua）表现出密切的亲缘关系，但在各个方面的尺寸更大，且具有亚棱柱形浆果，其花柱部分含有毛核，而斜叶龟背竹的浆果是球形的，且花柱部分缺乏毛核。此外，这两个物种在生态上也有很大不同。斜叶龟背竹主要分布在接近海平面的地方，而黄花龟背竹分布在海拔 1400 - 2500 米之间。黄花龟背竹在多个方面与该属的其他物种不同，总是以其佛焰苞的深黄色背面为特征。具有类似海拔范围的三种中美洲龟背竹物种与黄花龟背竹没有密切的联系，黄花龟背竹显然不是由高海拔物种复合体演化而来，而是由某个低地祖先演化而来。在检查的几乎所有结果标本中，肉穗花序从直立的花序梗上低垂，这一特征在其他龟背竹物种中是未知的。
Scandent epiphyte. Stem: terete, 5 – 10 mm thick, internodes 3 – 6 cm long. Petiole: 12 – 18 cm long, sheathed to the geniculum, sheath deciduous; leaf blade obliquely lanceolate, 16 – 25 cm long, 5 – 8 cm wide, unequal, cuneate-angustate at the base, acute at the apex, entire or few-foraminate, perforations between the primary veins solitary, narrowly elliptic, up to 5 cm long. Peduncle: 15 – 26 cm long, a little longer than the petiole. Spathe: golden colour externally, white within, about 9 cm long. Flowering spadix: yellow, 6 – 8 cm long, 2 cm thick, sterile in lowest portion. Fruiting spadix: nutant, orange or red. Berries subprismatic.
Monstera xanthospatha shows close affinities to M. obliqua from which it differs by its larger size in every respect and by the subprismatic berries which contain trichosclereids in the stylar portion. The berries of M. obliqua are globose and lack trichosclereids in the stylar portion. In addition, the two species are ecologically quite distinct. Monstera obliqua occurs mostly near sea level, while M. xanthospatha ranges from elevations of 1400 – 2500 meters. Monstera xanthospatha is distinguished from the remaining species of the section in various ways, and always by the deep yellow abaxial surface of the spathe.
The three Central American species of Monstera with a similar elevational range do not show a close alliance to M. xanthospatha, which apparently has not arisen from a high-altitude species complex, but has evolved from some lowland ancestor.
In all but one of the fruiting specimens examined the spadix is nodding from the erect peduncle, a character not known in other Monstera species.
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