Monstera buseyi
#热植图鉴#热带loveplants2024-05-03
Monstera buseyi，天南星科，热带植物，龟背竹图鉴，热带loveplants
基本信息 General Information
Accepted Name：Monstera buseyi Croat & Grayum
首次发布于：Phytologia 82: 38 (1997)
中文名称：龟背竹
科：天南星科
属：龟背竹属
原产地：哥斯达黎加、巴拿马
命名者：Croat & Grayum
植物简介 Descriptions
强壮的攀缘藤本植物，紧贴攀附生长。幼苗：长有营养叶。幼株：攀根植物；茎顶端具粗糙的小脓疱（有黑色小脓疱），绿色，圆柱形或稍扁平；节间长 2 - 4 厘米，直径 1.0 - 1.5 厘米；叶柄明显，浅绿色，基部具粗糙小脓疱，长 12 - 15 厘米，包至叶枕基部；叶柄鞘半宿存；叶片披针形，基部截形，先端渐尖，薄革质，7 - 14×6 - 9 厘米，不紧贴于附主植物；有或无穿孔。成株：攀根植物；茎绿色、棕色或灰色，在有叶部分具粗糙小脓疱（有黑色小脓疱），圆柱形或稍扁平；节间长 2 - 5（20）厘米，直径 1.0 - 3.0 厘米，长为宽的 1.6 - 2.0 倍；鳞叶落叶或凋存，浅绿色，具极小的叶片，基部具黑色小脓疱；
该龟背竹特征是节间短，具脓疱，有不明显的白色斑点，呈褐色粗糙状，有时呈弱疣状，叶柄呈 U 形，包至膝状关节，叶鞘脱落或有些持久，叶片宽楔形至圆形，基部截形或近心形，边缘全缘至羽状 4 - 5 裂或有 1 - 2 个大穿孔或凹口，同时花序梗比佛焰苞长，佛焰苞外部呈淡绿色白色，内部呈淡黄色至白色，肉穗花序通常长为宽的 6 - 8 倍且有成熟的白色浆果。Monstera buseyi 与阿尔法罗龟背竹（M. alfaroi）关系密切，两者都有具瘤状的叶柄。大多数龟背竹（Monstera buseyi）的标本具有狭卵形椭圆形叶片，长为宽的 2.0 - 2.5 倍，上面干燥后呈中等灰黄色棕色，下面颜色更淡，呈黄绿色且通常无光泽（较少情况下上面为深棕色，下面为深灰棕色且半有光泽，叶片长仅为宽的 1.7 倍），开花的肉穗花序长 6 - 9 厘米，直径约 1 厘米，果序长至 12 厘米。此外，Monstera buseyi 的叶片主侧脉通常在中脉附近分支一到两次，然后分支沿着主侧脉紧密平行延伸至边缘。相比之下，阿尔法罗龟背竹（M. alfaroi），已知分布于塔拉曼卡山脉和蒂纳马斯特山脉，具有更宽的卵形叶片，长仅为宽的 1.6 倍，干燥后变黑，下表面干燥后半有光泽，且有更大的花序，从开花后长 17 厘米到早期果实时长 22 厘米。
Robust nomadic vine, appressed-climbing. SEEDLINGS: bearing foliage leaves. JUVENILE PLANTS: root climbers; stems rough-pustular at apex (with black pustules), green, cylindrical or slightly flattened; internodes 2 – 4 cm long, 1.0 – 1.5 cm diam.; petiole distinct, light-green, rough-pustular with black pustules at base, 12 – 15 cm long, sheathed to base of the geniculum; petiole sheath semi-persistent; blades lanceolate, truncate at base, acuminate at apex, thinly coriaceous, 7 – 14 × 6 – 9 cm, not appressed to the phorophyte; fenestrations absent or present. ADULT PLANTS: root climbers; stems green, brown or gray, rough-pustular on leafy parts (with black pustules), cylindrical or slightly flattened; internodes 2 – 5 (20) cm long, 1.0 – 3.0 cm diam., 1.6 – 2.0 times longer than wide; cataphylls deciduous or marcescent, light-green with a very reduced blade, black-pustular at base; anchor roots black; feeder roots gray and corky; petioles light-green, covered with black pustules along their entire length, rough-verrucose mainly at base, white-cream to pale pinkish internally, 20 – 75 cm long, sheathed 7 – 10 cm before base of the geniculum; petiole sheath semi-persistent; geniculum rough-verrucose, slightly ribbed adaxially and convex abaxially, 3 – 4 cm long; unsheathed portion flattened adaxially and convex abaxially; blades ovate to lanceolate-ovate or elliptic, broadly cuneate to truncate at base, acuminate at apex, thinly coriaceous to subcoriaceous, drying gray, blackish or olive-green (scarcely yellowish-green), 27 – 75 × 11 – 33 cm, (1.5) 1.7 – 2.2 times longer than wide, decurrent-undulate over the geniculum (4 – 8 undulations of 1 – 4 mm wide), midrib slightly ribbed adaxially, convex abaxially, drying black or yellowish on both surfaces, primary lateral veins 35 – 65 per side, bifurcated or trifurcated, strongly sunken adaxially, prominent abaxially, departing midrib at 85 – 90 °, drying black or yellowish; secondary veins prominent and reticulate; collective veins visible in blades with entire margins; fenestrations absent or present, arranged in a single series along the midrib when present; margins entire or pinnatilobed with 2 – 5 lobes per side. INFLORESCENCES on ascending stems, 1 – 3 simultaneously at flowering season, arranged in the leaf axils or into cataphylls; peduncle smooth or scarcely pustular, 17 – 30 cm long, 1 – 2 cm diam.; spathe short or long acuminate, light green to pruinose during development, white internally and cream-yellowish externally at anthesis, 7 – 22 × 10 – 13 cm, equal to or 4 cm longer than the spadix; spadix white during development, cream-white at anthesis, 6 – 20 cm long, 1.5 – 2.0 cm diam., (5) 6 – 8 (9) times longer than wide; basal sterile flowers 3 – 5 mm long; fertile flowers 5 – 7 mm long; stamens 1.2 – 7.0 mm long, with laminar filaments; anthers 1.5 – 2.0 mm long; ovary sub-conical in longitudinal section, 3.5 – 5.0 × 2.0 – 2.5 mm; style pentagonal or hexagonal, 1.2 – 2.0 × 4 – 5 mm; stigma linear, sunken on the top surface of the style; berries with a cream stylar cap, light-green during development; pulp white; seeds black, spherical, 5 – 7 mm long.
The species is a member of a sect. Monstera and is characterized by short internodes, pustular, obscurely whitish-speckled, brownish-roughened to sometimes weakly verrucose, U-shaped petioles, sheathed to geniculum, with the sheath deciduous or somewhat persistent, blades broadly cuneate to rounded, truncate or subcordate at base and marginally entire to pinnately 4 – 5 lobed or with 1 – 2 large perforations or sinuses as well as by peduncle being longer than the spathe, the latter greenish white outside, pale yellowish to white within and with the spadix usually 6 – 8 times longer than wide and mature white berries. Monstera buseyi is closely related to M. alfaroi and both have tuberculate petioles. Most collections of M. buseyi have narrowly ovate-elliptic blades 2.0 – 2.5 times longer than broad which dry medium grayish yellow-brown above and much paler, yellowish green and often matte below (less frequently dark brown above and dark gray-brown and semiglossy below with the blades only 1.7 times longer than wide) with the flowering spadices 6 – 9 cm long, to ca. 1 cm diam. and with the infructescences to 12 cm long. In addition, the blades of M. buseyi have leaf blades with the primary lateral veins usually branching once or twice near the midrib then with the branches extending closely parallel along the primary lateral vein to the margin. In contrast M. alfaroi, known from the Cordillera de Talamanca and in the Fila Tinamaste, have more broadly ovate blades only 1.6 times longer than wide, drying blackened, with the lower surfaces drying semiglossy and with much larger inflorescences, ranging from 17 cm long post-anthesis to 22 cm long in early fruit.
植物图片 Images
幼年期 Juvenility
生长期 Growth period
成熟期 Maturity
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植物标本
